Name _________________________          Rainbow Lab 

Date   ________________________                                               

Objectives:

1.     Demonstrate ability to follow lab procedures accurately.

2.     Develop skills for measuring liquid volumes with graduated cylinders.

3.     Follow safety procedures.

Safety:

-        Wear safety goggles at all times.

-        The liquids used in this lab can stain clothing.  Clean all spills immediately. Do not drink or taste the liquid.

-        DO NOT CROSS-CONTAMINATE any chemicals as this could cause a dangerous reaction.

Procedures:

Preparation

1.     Fill a flask halfway with water.

a.    This will be used to rinse your graduated cylinder, pipettes, and test tubes.

b.    All used rinse water should be disposed of in the “Waste Bucket” located at each table.

2.     Place 6 CLEAN test tubes in a test tube rack and label them in order A,B,C,D,E, and F.

3.     Locate three pipettes at your station.  They should be labeled “Y” (yellow), “R” (red), and “B” (blue).  These pipettes should ONLY be used to transfer the appropriate colored liquid.

4.     Rinse the graduated cylinder with water, swirl, and pour wastewater into the waste bucket.  Make sure to repeat this cleaning process between each measurement to avoid contamination.

Part A:

1.     Measure 25 mL of RED liquid and pour it into test tube A.

2.     Measure 17mL of YELLOW liquid and pour it into test tube C.

3.     Measure 21mL of BLUE liquid and pour it into test tube E.

Part B:

1.     From test tube C, measure 4 mL and pour into test tube D.

2.     From test tube E, measure 7 mL and pour into test tube D. Swirl gently.

3.     From test tube E, measure 4 mL and pour into test tube F.

4.     From test tube A, measure 7 mL and pour into test tube F. Swirl gently.

5.     From test tube A, measure 8 mL and pour into test tube B.

6.     From test tube C, measure 3 mL and pour into test tube B. Swirl gently.

7.     Obtain a score from your teacher before continuing to Part C.

Part C:

1.     Complete the data table below BEFORE cleaning up.

2.     Measure the actual amount of liquid in each tube before disposing in the waste container.

3.     Rinse all test tubes thoroughly and store each one upside down in the test tube rack to dry.

Data:

Test Tube	Description of Liquid Color	Expected Volume (mL)	Actual Volume (mL)
A
B
C
D
E
F
TOTAL Volume in Test Tubes A-F (mL)

Conclusion Questions

1.    How did your starting materials differ from your final product?  Give specific examples from the lab.

2.    What is cross-contamination and how can you prevent it from occurring?

3.    Was any liquid spilled during the lab?  What could you do to prevent chemical spills in the future?

4.    Describe and draw how to accurately read the volume of a liquid in a graduated cylinder.

5.    Scientists repeat experiments often and find the average of many data points because there is ALWAYS some amount of experimental error in any experiment.  Your goal in class is to minimize that error as much as possible.

a.    Calculate your percent error using the following equation:

                                                

                                                              Total Expected  - Total Actual

Percent Error =                 Total Expected                   x 100

          b.  What can you do in the future to minimize experimental error?

8th Grade Science Guidelines and Requirements - Sign, Remove, and Return the bottom slip

8^th Grade Physical Science

Classroom Guidelines and Requirements

8^th Grade Physical Science is the study of the properties of matter and energy and how matter and energy interact.  We will also study the physical and chemical properties of the universe.

Semester 1– The Nature of Science and Physics

Semester 2– Chemistry and Mousetrap Cars

Email:  ljenner@lvusd.org

Blog:    www.mrsjennersclass.blogspot.com

Classroom Rules

1.     Be on time to class and bring materials and homework.

2.     Follow lab safety rules.  No eating in the lab.

3.     Show respect for others and their property.  Do not touch lab materials or teacher property without permission.

4.     No backpacks on the lab tables or lab aisles.

5.     No electronic devices out in class unless noted for a lab.  No charger cords across aisles.

6.     Treat lab equipment and materials with respect.  Please do not play with the gas jets.  Show me you are mature enough to do labs with fire.

7.     There is NO fighting over lab stools.  Lab stools will be pushed under the tables during most labs.

Requested Materials

1.     Sharpened pencils (please have more than one) and portable sharpener.

2.     Dedicated science composition book.  Bring this to class everyday. You may decorate the cover with a science theme.

3.     Separate Section of Binder for science notes, handouts, corrected homework and labs.  This must be with you in class everyday.  You should have a folder or pocket divider for science too.

4.     Red pen

5.     Notebook paper

6.     Organizer or Assignment Notebook

7.     Colored Pencils/Pens (optional)

8.      

Grades

10%    Homework

50%   Tests, Quizzes, and Assessments

40%   Labs, Projects, and In-Class Work

Please note that your grade in science is weighted.  Grades on tests count for more than grades on homework. 

Letter grades will be assigned on a standard scale  

For example:  A- = 90%-92%,  A= 93%-99%,  A+ = 100%+

                           B- = 80%-82%,  B= 83%-87%,  B+ = 88%-89%   etc…

***Very Important:  I do NOT round grades.  An 89.99% is a B+.  Please make sure that you are consistently doing the work to earn the grade that you would like at the end of the semester.  Check AERIES frequently.  No extra credit.  Your grade is based on your knowledge and application of 8^th grade science standards. 

NGSS Science Standards

In September of 2013 the state of California adopted new science standards called Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS).  The state is in the process of adopting new curriculum to address these standards.  The final adoption vote is expected in early 2017.  The AEW science department has been preparing for years for the new standards.  We have new equipment and new labs that will engage students in thinking deeply about science and problem solving.  The current textbooks are not aligned with NGSS so I will not be sending a textbook home unless requested.  We may occasionally use textbooks in class but most reading assignments will be more applicable to the problem or phenomena we are studying in class.  Please let me know if you would like more information about the NGSS standards and what instruction will look like with the new curriculum.  A quick Google search for “NGSS” is a great place to start. 

Labs

Labs and experiments will make up the majority of work in 8^th grade science.  Some labs will be student designed and others will be teacher directed.  I expect safe and controlled behavior in the lab at all times.  I will assign lab groups if necessary. 

In labs you should:

-       Be focused on the problem and complete work

-       Be respectful of group members

-       Follow lab safety rules always

-       READ and follow directions

-       Do not eat lab materials or ASK to eat lab materials

-       Do not do any personal experiments without obtaining permission from Mrs. Jenner

Labs are usually not assigned as homework.  You will need to complete labs in the time allotted.  If you are absent you will be held accountable for lab content.

*****Absences – Please read!!  Important!!!

Students should avoid absences when possible.  When you are absent I am less concerned about you making up homework and more concerned with the class time you have missed.  You may need to make up labs, lecture notes, warm-ups, and discussion notes.  You are responsible for following through with this.  I will not be checking up to see if you have completed something or are up-to-date with notes.  I am not able to provide early work.  If you are going on vacation you will need to plan time when you get back to complete work unless you are on an independent study plan. 

Late Work

I do allow late work for a loss of points but please remember that tests and assessments are a large percentage of your grade and completing work on time helps you understand concepts and prepare for exams.

High School Recommendations

At the end of 8^th grade, teachers recommend students for placement in high school classes.  Students have the option of taking Honors Biology in 9^th grade.  Honors Biology is a challenging class that uses a college-level textbook.  Students are expected to be able to read and write at a college level.  To be recommended for Honors Biology, a student must earn a grade of  95% or higher in 8^th Grade Science and 90% or higher in 8^th Grade Language Arts (there is no special consideration for Honors or GATE coursework). I will not write special letters of recommendation or sign waivers for students who do not meet these criteria.

Technology Policy

Photos and recordings are not allowed at school.  I will allow you to take pictures of certain labs but please ask before taking pictures.  There are times when you will be able to use electronic devices for calculations and as timers.  If you want to use the Internet in class to look up a topic we are discussing, please ask first. No texting, emails, phone calls, etc…

Final Important Notes about Grades

Although I am always here to help you and I will offer ample opportunity for you to demonstrate knowledge in science, YOU are ultimately responsible for your learning and your grade.  If you want to be a part of groups like Honor Society, you need to do superior work to EARN your acceptance into honors groups and classes.  It is not my responsibility to round grades and gift you with scores that you didn’t earn.  Set your goals now and do the work necessary to achieve those goals.

There is no extra credit available.  Your grade is based on your knowledge of 8^th Grade Science Standards only.

Please sign that you are read and discussed the requirements for 8^th grade science.  Cut and return this part ONLY to class FRIDAY  8/26.

_________________________________________                         _________________________________________

Student Name (please print)                                       Parent Signature

May Sky at Night - Planets, Stars, Constellations

Hubble Zooms In On The Center Of The Milky Way

Types of Energy - Correct answers first side

Types of Energy

Energy Is the ability to do _____work______ or cause change.

Work  is the ability to __________move___________ something over a distance.

Comprehension check:  Who is doing work, a man throwing a ball or a weightlifter holding a weight over his head?  Explain.

Man throwing a ball because he is moving an object a distance.  The weightlifter has already done the work to move the weight.

There are two major categories of energy:  ______Potential ______ Energy and ______Kinetic____Energy.

1.     What is potential energy?  Provide at least one example of something that has potential energy.

Potential Energy is stored energy.   Holding a pen above the ground  (GPE) and stored calories in butter (chemical potential energy) are examples of PE.

2.     What is kinetic energy?  Provide at least one example of something that has KE.

Energy in a moving object.  A cart rolling down a roller coaster track has KE.

___Total Energy in a System OR Total Mechanical Energy____:  The total KE and PE of an object.

___Chemical PE ______    :  Energy that is stored in the chemical bonds in molecules and compounds.

___Sound  (KE) _________:   Energy that is caused by a wave or vibration passing through matter.

___Thermal (KE) _______:  Heat!  Energy which occurs because of the rapid random motion of particles in matter.

___Electrical (KE)  _____:  Energy that is caused by the movement of electrons (often through a wire).

___Gravitational PE___:  Energy stored in an object due to its height and weight.

___Kinetic Energy____:  Energy due to the motion of an object.

____Elastic PE________:  Energy stored in and object that has been stretched or squeezed.

____Nuclear PE______:  Energy that is stored in the nucleus of an atom.

Electromagnetic KE:  Energy that is caused by radiation of electromagnetic waves.  (Light energy, UV Radiation, Radio Waves, microwaves, x-rays).

Energy Test - Study Guide

Energy Test – Study Guide

A.            Energy is the ability to do work.  Work is what is required to put an object in motion.

B.            Potential Energy is stored energy.  Be able to describe chemical, elastic and gravitational potential energy in real-life situations like a pendulum, roller coaster, food/fuel, and rubber band or spring.

C.            Gravitational potential energy depends on the height of an object and its weight.  The more massive the object and the height of the object will determine the amount of potential energy.

D.            Kinetic Energy is energy of motion.  The faster an object moves and the heavier an object is, the more KE it has.  As an object falls is gains kinetic as it loses potential.  Energy is transformed.  Kinetic energy depends upon mass and speed.

E.            The Law of Conservation of Energy says that energy cannot be created or destroyed, it only changes form.  Be able to apply this law to the roller coasters we build in class, to Rube Goldberg machines, and to how a pendulum moves, and also to explain why the pendulum CAN’T hit you in the face if you let it go from the tip of your nose.

F.            Using the Law of Conservation of Energy, describe how energy changes form given a certain scenario like Sun -→ Plant --→ Person -→Marathon Run.  Radiant Energy from the Sun transforms into Chemical Potential Energy (stored energy) which the person eats (Chemical Energy) to transform into Mechanical Energy and Thermal Energy.

G.      Know how to find and label maximum and minimum potential and kinetic energy on a diagram of a roller coaster or pendulum.

Types of Potential Energy

Gravitational

Chemical

Elastic

Electrical (Stored in a battery or cloud)

Nuclear

Magnetic

Types of Kinetic Energy

Mechanical (Elastic)

Chemical

Thermal

Electrical (Movement of electrons – lighting a light bulb or lightning)

Sound

Electromagnetic (Light, UV light, Microwaves, Radiowaves)

**Study BOTH review assignments!!!

Rube Goldberg Videos - Law of Conservation of Energy / Energy Transfer