Vocabulary Chapter 3
States of Matter
1. State of Matter
2. Solid
A. Crystalline Solid (Crystal)
B. Amorphous Solid
3. Fluid
4. Liquid
A. Surface Tension
B. Viscosity
5. Gas
A. Relationships of Temperature, Pressure, and Volume in gases
6. Change of State
A. Melting and Melting Point
B. Vaporization
1) Evaporation
2) Boiling (Boiling Point)
C. Condensation
D. Sublimation
E. Resublimation
F. Freezing
Concepts to Know
1. Know how to identify a solid, a liquid, and a gas by looking at pictures of the movement and/or arrangement of particles in a container. (Page 92, 93, and 95 in textbook)
2. Look at the pictures on page 92 of your textbook. You need to be able to identify the arrangement of molecules in a crystalline solid and an amorphous solid.
3. How do particles/molecules MOVE in a solid, liquid, or gas?
4. What happens to the movement of particles in a substance as heat is added or removed (thermal energy)? Know that absolute zero is when we remove all thermal energy and motion in particles is completely stopped.
5. Understand two properties of liquids – surface tension and viscosity. Be able to describe why water has high surface tension. Be able to describe a liquid with high viscosity and one with low viscosity.
6. What happens to particles/molecules in a substance as thermal energy is added or removed? Be able to name each state of matter and what we call the change in phase (melting, boiling, condensation, etc…)
7. Melting point of pure water is 0 degrees C.
8. Freezing point of water is the same 0 degrees C.
9. Evaporation is the change to a gas from only the surface. Boiling occurs when a liquid turns to a gas below the surface as well as at the surface.
10. The boiling point of water is 100 degrees C at sea level.
11. Higher pressure of a gas in an object like a basketball, means that the gas molecules are hitting the inner surface of the ball a lot. If a basketball gets a hole in it, the gas will escape until the pressure inside the ball equals the pressure outside (equilibrium).
12. Charles’s Law – As temperature of a gas is increased, it’s volume increases. As temperature of a gas is decreased, it’s volume decreases.
13. Boyles’ Law – When the volume of a gas is decreased, pressure increase. When the volume of a gas increases, pressure decreases.
14. If the volume of a gas is held constant (kept the same) like in a 2-liter soda bottle, and you increase the pressure in the bottle, temperature increases.
