Chapter 2 Test Study Guide
Properties of Matter
To study for this test please use your notes on the Properties of Matter and Exothermic/Endothermic Reactions vs. Changes. Also use labs on Physical Properties, Chemical Properties, Chemical Changes, Endothermic and Exothermic reactions, and the Electrolysis lab. Use homework assignments and the graphic organizer on physical and chemical changes and your textbook pages 58 – 77 as well.
Vocabulary to Know:
Energy Matter Properties of Matter Physical Properties
Chemical Properties Element Atom Molecule Compound
Mixture Homogeneous Mixture Heterogeneous Mixture
Solution Physical Change Chemical Change
Law Of Conservation of Matter Thermal Energy
Temperature Endothermic Reaction Exothermic Reaction
Chemical Energy
Indicators of a Chemical Change Precipitate
Concepts to Know:
1. Everything is either energy or matter.
2. Properties of matter are characteristics of a substance that help to identify that substance. Physical properties are characteristics that can be observed and measured without breaking bonds or changing the substance chemically.
Examples: Color, shape, density, boiling point
Chemical properties can only be observed when a substance is changes chemically.
Examples: Reactivity with other chemicals, flammability
3. An element is a pure substance that cannot be broken down into any other substance. There are 92 naturally occurring elements in the universe. Elements are organized on the Periodic Table of the Elements.
4. Atoms are the smallest particle of an element.
5. Molecule – Two or more atoms chemically bonded. Examples: NaCl, CaCl2, O2, H2O, H2
6. Compound – Two or more DIFFERENT types of atoms chemically bonded. Example: All of the examples for molecules BUT H2. H2 is only made of one thing, Hydrogen.
7. A mixture is two or more things combined together that have not been chemically bonded. Solutions are a type of mixture where one thing dissolves into another. Examples: trail mix, salt water
8. Heterogeneous Mixture – You can see the parts of the mixture
9. Homogeneous Mixture – You can’t see the parts of the mixture.
10. A physical change is a change in a substance that does not alter a substance chemically. It’s still the same substance.
11. A chemical change is a change where bonds are broken and new substances are formed. Example: Burning wood, reacting Sulfuric Acid and Sugar.
12. Law of Conservation of Matter says that whatever matter goes into a chemical reaction has to come out.
13. Thermal Energy is the measure of the amount of movement of molecules in a substance. The more movement, the more thermal energy, the higher the temperature. Temperature is a measure of the thermal energy of an object. We measure thermal energy (temperature) with a thermometer.
14. Chemical Energy is energy stored in chemical bonds.
15. Know the indicators of a chemical change and that a precipitate is a solid formed from a chemical reaction between two or more substances.
