Chapter 2 Test Study Guide
Properties of Matter
To study for this test
please use your brown notes on the Properties of Matter and
Exothermic/Endothermic Reactions vs. Changes. Also use labs on Physical Properties, Chemical Properties,
Chemical Changes, Endothermic and Exothermic reactions, and Solutions. Also study Density and Buoyancy. Use homework assignments and the
graphic organizer on physical and chemical changes and your textbook pages 58 –
77 as well.
Vocabulary to Know:
Energy Matter Properties of Matter Physical Properties
Chemical Properties Element Atom Molecule Compound
Mixture Homogeneous
Mixture
Heterogeneous Mixture
Solution Solute Solvent Dilute
Solution
Super-Saturated
Solution Physical Change
Chemical Change
Law Of Conservation of
Matter Thermal Energy
Temperature
Endothermic Reaction Exothermic Reaction
Indicators of a Chemical
Change Precipitate
Density Mass Volume Buoyant Force Archimedes’ Principle
Concepts to Know:
1.
Everything is either energy
or matter.
2.
Properties of matter are
characteristics of a substance that help to identify that substance. Physical properties are characteristics
that can be observed and measured without breaking bonds or changing the substance
chemically.
Examples: Color, shape, density, boiling point
Chemical properties can only
be observed when a substance is changes chemically.
Examples: Reactivity with
other chemicals, flammability
3.
An element is a pure
substance that cannot be broken down into any other substance. There are 92 naturally occurring
elements in the universe. Elements
are organized on the Periodic Table of the Elements.
4.
Atoms are the smallest
particle of an element.
5.
Molecule – Two or more atoms
chemically bonded. Examples: NaCl, CaCl2, O2,
H2O, H2
6.
Compound – Two or more
DIFFERENT types of atoms chemically bonded. Example: All of
the examples for molecules BUT H2. H2 is only made of one thing, Hydrogen.
7.
A mixture is two or more
things combined together that have not been chemically bonded. Solutions are a type of mixture where
one thing dissolves into another. Examples: trail mix, salt water
8.
Heterogeneous Mixture – You
can see the parts of the mixture
9.
Homogeneous Mixture – You
can’t see the parts of the mixture.
A Solution is a type of Homogeneous Mixture. In a solution a Solvent dissolves a Solute. A “watered-down” solution is called
Dilute. A solution where there is
too much solute is called Super-Saturated.
10.
A physical change is a
change in a substance that does not alter a substance chemically. It’s still the same substance.
11.
A chemical change is a
change where bonds are broken and new substances are formed. Example: Burning wood, reacting
Sulfuric Acid and Sugar.
12.
Law of Conservation of
Matter says that whatever matter goes into a chemical reaction has to come out.
13.
Thermal Energy is the
measure of the amount of movement of molecules in a substance. The more movement, the more thermal
energy, the higher the temperature.
Temperature is a measure of the thermal energy of an object. We measure thermal energy (temperature)
with a thermometer.
14.
Know the indicators of a
chemical change and that a precipitate is a solid formed from a chemical
reaction between two or more substances.
