Study Guide – Chapter
9 Motion
Key
Terms are underlined and in bold. You
need to know the definitions and examples/explanations for all key terms.
1. Describing Motion (Pages 338
– 341)
A. What is motion?
B. What is a reference point? Why is it important for the reference
point to be a stable object?
C. If objects are moving
together (like you when you drive home from school with your parents or a
carpool) are they in motion relative to each other (relative motion)?
D. What are distance and displacement (a vector)? Be able to label on a map.
2. Speed and Velocity (pages
342 – 347)
A. What is speed? Know
that speed is calculated with the formula
speed =
distance/time. Be able to solve
speed problems.
B. Average speed is the total distance covered divided by the
total time covered.
C. Velocity is speed in a direction. The formula for calculating velocity is the same as for
speed but you need to add a direction.
Velocity is a Vector Quantity.
D. Be able to read graphs
showing Time and Distance like the graphs on pages 346 and 347. You need to be able to describe the
motion at each point.
E. On distance and time graphs,
the steeper the slope, the faster the object is moving. The shallower the slope, the slower the
object is moving.
3. Acceleration (pages 352-
355)
A. Acceleration is the rate at which velocity changes. If speed changes (faster or slower) OR
direction changes, then an object has accelerated.
B. Be able to read a distance
vs. time graph for acceleration like the one on page 355.
C. Be able to calculate the
acceleration of an object given the velocities and total time like the
acceleration lab in class. See
page 353 for practice.
4. Energy (pages 358 – 363)
A. Energy is the ability to do work. Work
is what is required to put an object in motion.
B. Potential Energy is stored energy. Be able to describe chemical, elastic and gravitational potential energy
in real-life situations.
C. Gravitational potential energy depends on the height of an
object and its weight. The more
massive the object and the height of the object will determine the amount of
potential energy.
D. Kinetic Energy
is energy of motion. As an
object falls is gains kinetic as it loses potential. Energy is transformed.
Kinetic energy depends upon mass and speed but speed really affects the
moving energy of an object.
E. The Law of Conservation of Energy says that energy cannot be
created or destroyed, it only changes form. Be able to apply this law to the roller coasters we build in
class, to how a pendulum moves, and also to explain why the pendulum CAN’T hit
you in the face if you let it go from the tip of your nose.
F. Using the Law of Conservation of Energy, describe
how energy changes form given a certain scenario like Sun -à Plant --à Person -àMarathon Run. Radiant Energy from the Sun transforms
into Chemical Potential Energy (stored energy) which the person eats (Chemical
Energy) to transform into Mechanical Energy and Thermal Energy.
