Chapter 2 Test Study Guide
Properties of
Matter
To
study for this test please use your notes on the Properties of Matter and
Exothermic/Endothermic Reactions vs. Changes. Also use labs on Physical Properties, Chemical Properties,
Chemical Changes, Endothermic and Exothermic reactions. Also study Density notes and
assignments.
Vocabulary to Know:
Energy Matter Properties of Matter Physical Properties
Chemical
Properties Compound
Mixture Physical
Change Chemical Change
Law
Of Conservation of Matter Thermal Energy
Temperature
Endothermic Reaction Exothermic Reaction
Indicators
of a Chemical Change Precipitate
Density Mass Volume
Concepts to Know:
1. Everything is either energy
or matter.
2. Properties of matter are
characteristics of a substance that help to identify that substance. Physical properties are characteristics
that can be observed and measured without breaking bonds or changing the substance
chemically.
Examples: Color, shape,
density, boiling point
Chemical properties can only be observed when a substance is changed chemically.
Examples: Reactivity with other chemicals, flammability
3. Density is a physical
property of matter. Density is
calculated by measuring
the mass of an object and
it’s volume and dividing mass by volume.
Density is the amount of mass in a given volume Density = mass ÷ volume.
Denser objects have more atoms or molecules in the same amount of volume
as a less dense object. Water has
a density of 1.0 g/ml or g/cm3. Objects that are more dense than water sink. Objects that are less dense than water
float.
4. Volume is the amount of
space something takes up. To
calculate volume of a “regular” solid you multiply length x width x
height. To calculate the volume of
an irregular solid you use the water displacement method.
5. Compound – Two or more
DIFFERENT types of atoms chemically bonded. Examples: H2O, CO2, C6H12O11
6. A mixture is two or more
things combined together that have not been chemically bonded.
7. A physical change is a
change in a substance that does not alter a substance chemically. It’s still the same substance.
8. A chemical change is a
change where bonds are broken and new substances are formed. Example: Burning wood, reacting
Sulfuric Acid and Sugar.
9. Law of Conservation of
Matter says that whatever matter goes into a chemical reaction has to come out.
10.
Thermal Energy is the measure of the amount of movement of molecules in
a substance. The more movement, the
more thermal energy, the higher the temperature. Temperature is a measure of the thermal energy of an
object. We measure thermal energy
(temperature) with a thermometer.
11.
Know the indicators of a chemical change and that a precipitate is a
solid formed from a chemical reaction between two or more substances.
12.
1ml = 1cm3
Waves
1. Know that waves transfer
energy and not matter.
2. Know the two main wave
shapes are transverse and longitudinal and that these shapes are formed by the
direction of the energy.
3. Mechanical waves like sound
and water need a medium to travel through.
4. Electromagnetic waves like
light and radiation do not need a medium.
